the telescope will photograph distant galaxies

In 2013, astronomers pointed the Hubble at an enormous galaxy cluster, hundreds of millions of light years distant. Dense with hundreds of galaxies, this cluster is massive enough to distort The Webb team scanned dozens of the reddest — most distant — galaxies in this image, and determined that one of them — a tiny, pixelated blob — emitted its light about 13.1 billion years The first image from the $10 billion James Webb Space Telescope was released Monday at the White House — a jumble of distant galaxies that went deeper into the cosmos than humanity has ever seen Cách Vay Tiền Trên Momo. The James Webb telescope has already taken some remarkable pictures in its short lifespan. It has already taken high definition images of the “most primitive galaxy” ever seen and now has taken some more incredible pictures using more than just it’s infrared new images of Pandora’s Cluster show new details as well as an increasing merger towards a “mega cluster” of galaxies. 50,000 sources of infrared light were captured in the huge panorama.“When the images of Pandora’s Cluster first came in from Webb we were honestly a little star struck,” said astronomer Rachel Bezanson of the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania. “There was so much detail in the foreground cluster and so many distant lensed galaxies, I found myself getting lost in the image.”The data analysed from the image is due to be published this the telescope took the images of Pandora’s ClusterThe extreme-depth images are a combination of smart technology and a keen knowledge of physics. To be involved with Space-related programmes most of the time these are a given. The camera itself took exposures up to six hours long for a total time of 30 the real trick came from an understanding of gravitational lensing’. In basic terms, the gravitational strength from a closer, but aligned relative to the camera, galaxy warps the shape of the light. This allows objects behind said galaxy to be magnified. This phenomena was first predicted by Albert Einstein back in 1915. “This infrared image from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope JWST was taken for the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey, or JADES, program. It shows a portion of an area of the sky known as GOODS-South, which has been well studied by the Hubble Space Telescope and other observatories. More than 45,000 galaxies are visible here.” Credits NASA, ESA, CSA, Brant Robertson UC Santa Cruz, Ben Johnson CfA, Sandro Tacchella Cambridge, Marcia Rieke University of Arizona, Daniel Eisenstein CfA. Image processing Alyssa Pagan STScI “Among the most fundamental questions in astronomy is How did the first stars and galaxies form?” NASA writes. The James Webb Space Telescope hasn’t been in space long, but it’s already delivering critical insights into this monumental question. JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey JADES Searches for Ancient Galaxies A new image captured as part of one of Webb’s most significant scientific programs, the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey, or JADES, is not only visually stunning but also incredibly important for scientists working to understand the universe’s history, especially its earliest days. The Webb team explains, “In this image, blue, green, and red were assigned to Webb’s NIRCam Near-Infrared Camera data at and microns; and microns; and and microns F090W, F115W, and F150W; F200W, F277W, and F335M; and F356W, F410M, and F444W, respectively.” This is a 100 percent crop from the full-size Webb image. As part of JADES, Webb will dedicate just over a month of its valuable telescope time to capture and analyze very faint, distant galaxies. Some of the observations have already occurred, and the data continues to roll in from these early images. “While the data is still coming in, JADES already has discovered hundreds of galaxies that existed when the universe was less than 600 million years old. The team also has identified galaxies sparkling with a multitude of young, hot stars,” NASA explains. The area, GOODS-South, has also been imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope, which helps put in perspective just how much more detail Webb offers. This relatively recent image of GOODS-South was captured by Hubble in 2016. It’s a very impressive image, rich with galaxies, but Webb has been able to peer much further back in time thanks to its relatively higher resolution and sensitivity. Credit NASA, ESA/Hubble The Importance of Stars and the Epoch of Reionization “With JADES, we want to answer a lot of questions, like How did the earliest galaxies assemble themselves? How fast did they form stars? Why do some galaxies stop forming stars?” says Marcia Rieke of the University of Arizona in Tucson, co-lead of the JADES program. Ryan Endsley of the University of Texas at Austin led an investigation into the galaxies that existed a mere 500 to 850 million years following the big bang. This period, known as the Epoch of Reionization, remains quite mysterious. Credit NASA, ESA, CSA, Joyce Kang STScI NASA explains reionization, writing, “For hundreds of millions of years after the big bang, the universe was filled with a gaseous fog that made it opaque to energetic light. By one billion years after the big bang, the fog had cleared and the universe became transparent, a process known as reionization.” 100 percent crop Some scientists believe that supermassive black holes caused the eponymous reionization, others believe that galaxies full of young stars, which burn extremely hotly, were the impetus behind reionization. As part of JADES, Endsley and his colleagues have been studying these all-important distant, old galaxies using Webb’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph NIRSpec instrument. The team wanted to find evidence of star formation and find it they did. “Almost every single galaxy that we are finding shows these unusually strong emission line signatures indicating intense recent star formation. These early galaxies were very good at creating hot, massive stars,” says Endsley. 100 percent crop The bright, massive stars in turn fired torrents of ultraviolet light off into space, which changed the nature of surrounding gas from opaque to transparent. This was achieved through ionization, which is the process of removing electrons from their nuclei. Because early galaxies had so many hot, massive stars, they may have been the primary catalyst for the reionization process that has been hotly debated within the scientific community. “Endsley and his colleagues also found evidence that these young galaxies underwent periods of rapid star formation interspersed with quiet periods where fewer stars formed. These fits and starts may have occurred as galaxies captured clumps of the gaseous raw materials needed to form stars. Alternatively, since massive stars quickly explode, they may have injected energy into the surrounding environment periodically, preventing gas from condensing to form new stars,” writes NASA. 100 percent crop Revealing the Early Universe Another large component of JADES is searching for very early galaxies, which in this context are galaxies that existed less than 400 million years after the big bang. “By studying these galaxies, astronomers can explore how star formation in the early years after the big bang was different from what is seen in current times. The light from faraway galaxies is stretched to longer wavelengths and redder colors by the expansion of the universe — a phenomenon called redshift. By measuring a galaxy’s redshift, astronomers can learn how far away it is and, therefore, when it existed in the early universe,” NASA explains. Credit NASA, ESA, CSA, Joyce Kang STScI Webb has already transformed how scientists search for these very old galaxies. NASA says, “Before Webb, there were only a few dozen galaxies observed above a redshift of eight, when the universe was younger than 650 million years old, but JADES has now uncovered nearly a thousand of these extremely distant galaxies.” In relatively little observation time, Webb has revolutionized the search for ancient galaxies. 100 percent crop Spectrum is an important tool when searching for very old galaxies. “The gold standard for determining redshift involves looking at a galaxy’s spectrum, which measures its brightness at a myriad of closely spaced wavelengths. But a good approximation can be determined by taking photos of a galaxy using filters that each cover a narrow band of colors to get a handful of brightness measurements. In this way, researchers can determine estimates for the distances of many thousands of galaxies at once,” NASA explains. Kevin Hainline of the University of Arizona in Tucson and his colleagues used Webb’s Near-Infrared Camera NIRCAM, to obtain these critical spectral measurements, which are called photometric redshifts. Hainline’s team identified more than 700 galaxies that they believe existed when the universe was between 370 million and 650 million years old. The huge number of candidate galaxies far outstrips even the most optimistic estimates scientists had prior to Webb’s launch. Webb’s groundbreaking resolution and spectral sensitivity are paying huge dividends. “Previously, the earliest galaxies we could see just looked like little smudges. And yet those smudges represent millions or even billions of stars at the beginning of the universe,” says Hainline. “Now, we can see that some of them are actually extended objects with visible structure. We can see groupings of stars being born only a few hundred million years after the beginning of time.” Image credits NASA, ESA, CSA, Brant Robertson UC Santa Cruz, Ben Johnson CfA, Sandro Tacchella Cambridge, Marcia Rieke University of Arizona, Daniel Eisenstein CfA. Image processing Alyssa Pagan STScI A telescope image of distant galaxies, showing thousands of bright stars and galaxies on a black background. In a zoomed-in box is the pale, faint galaxy detected in this new study. Image credit NASA, ESA, CSA, Swinburne University of Technology, University of Pittsburgh, STScI The James Webb Space Telescope JWST has identified one of the most distant galaxies ever seen — an ancient, nearly invisible star cluster so remote that its light is the faintest scientists have ever JD1, the galaxy — whose light traveled for roughly billion years to reach us — was born just a few million years after the Big Bang. Back then, the cosmos was shrouded in a pitch-black fog that not even light could pass through; galaxies like this one were vital in burning the gloom from within the Sculptor constellation in the southern sky, JD1's light left its source when the universe was just 4% of its current age. The light crossed dissipating gas clouds and boundless space before passing through the galaxy cluster Abell 2744, whose space-time-warping gravitational pull acted as a giant magnifying lens to steer the ancient galaxy into focus for the JWST. The researchers who discovered the dim, distant galaxy published their findings May 17 in the journal Can the James Webb Space Telescope really see the past?"Before the Webb telescope switched on, just a year ago, we could not even dream of confirming such a faint galaxy," Tommaso Treu, a physics and astronomy professor at the University of California, Los Angeles UCLA, said in a statement. "The combination of JWST and the magnifying power of gravitational lensing is a revolution. We are rewriting the book on how galaxies formed and evolved in the immediate aftermath of the Big Bang."In the first hundreds of millions of years after the Big Bang, the expanding universe cooled enough to allow protons to bind with electrons, creating a vast shroud of light-blocking hydrogen gas that blanketed the cosmos in darkness. From the eddies of this cosmic sea-foam, the first stars and galaxies clotted, beaming out ultraviolet light that reionized the hydrogen fog, breaking it down into protons and electrons to render the universe transparent have observed evidence for reionization in many places the dimming of brightly flaring quasars ultrabright objects powered by supermassive black holes; the scattering of light from electrons in the cosmic microwave background; and the infrequent, dim light given off by hydrogen clouds. Yet because the first galaxies used so much of their light to dissipate the stifling hydrogen mist, what they actually looked like has long remained a mystery to astronomers. "Most of the galaxies found with JWST so far are bright galaxies that are rare and not thought to be particularly representative of the young galaxies that populated the early universe," first author Guido Roberts-Borsani, an astronomer at UCLA, said in the statement. "As such, while important, they are not thought to be the main agents that burned through all of that hydrogen fog."Ultra-faint galaxies such as JD1, on the other hand, are far more numerous, which is why we believe they are more representative of the galaxies that conducted the reionization process, allowing ultraviolet light to travel unimpeded through space and time," Roberts-Borsani discover JD1's first stirrings from beneath its hydrogen cocoon, the researchers used the JWST to study the galaxy's gravitationally lensed image in the infrared and near-infrared spectra of light. This enabled them to detect JD1's age, distance from Earth and elemental composition, as well as estimate how many stars it had formed. The team also made out a trace of the galaxy's structure a compact glob built from three main spurs of star-birthing gas and dust. The astronomers' next task is to use their technique to unveil even more of these first galaxies, revealing how they worked in unison to bathe the universe in light. Stay up to date on the latest science news by signing up for our Essentials newsletter. Ben Turner is a based staff writer at Live Science. He covers physics and astronomy, among other topics like tech and climate change. He graduated from University College London with a degree in particle physics before training as a journalist. When he's not writing, Ben enjoys reading literature, playing the guitar and embarrassing himself with chess. Tags Most Popular

the telescope will photograph distant galaxies